Q: 3. Define Sustainable Development with an example.

Sustainable Development means using resources wisely and efficiently so that future generations can also benefit. Example: (i) Overuse of groundwater in farming can lead to a water crisis in the future. Sustainable farming methods such as drip irrigation help conserve water.

Q: 5. Compare the development goals of a farmer, a businessman, and a student.

(I) Farmer: Wants better irrigation, higher crop yield, fair crop prices, and insurance for crops. (II) Businessman: Focuses on higher profits, market expansion, and lower production costs. (III) Student: Desires quality education, better career opportunities, and modern infrastructure in schools. Conclusion: Development goals vary for different people based on their needs and aspirations.

Question 1

1. What is the meaning of Per Capita Income? How is it calculated?

Accepted Answer

Per Capita Income refers to the average income of a person in a country in a year.
Formula:
Per Capita Income =Total Income of the Country / Total Population
It is used to compare the economic development of different countries.

Question 2

2. Why is income not the only measure of development? Give two reasons.

Accepted Answer

Generally, there are 2 types of wastes:
Income is important, but other factors also determine development, such as:
a. Health and Life Expectancy: A country with higher income but poor healthcare cannot be considered fully developed.
b. Education and Literacy Rate: Development should ensure access to quality education for all, not just higher income.

Question 3

3. Define Sustainable Development with an example.

Accepted Answer

Sustainable Development means using resources wisely and efficiently so that future generations can also benefit.
Example:
(i) Overuse of groundwater in farming can lead to a water crisis in the future. Sustainable farming methods such as drip irrigation help conserve water.

Question 4

4. Explain the Human Development Index (HDI) and its three key indicators.

Accepted Answer

Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure used by UNDP to rank countries based on their overall development.
It includes three key indicators:
(i) Life Expectancy (Health): Higher life expectancy means better healthcare and living conditions.
(ii) Education (Literacy & School Enrollment): Measures the percentage of educated people in a country.
(iii) Per Capita Income (Economic Factor): Average income per person to determine economic well-being.
Note: A country with a higher HDI ranking is considered more developed.

Question 5

5. Compare the development goals of a farmer, a businessman, and a student.

Accepted Answer

(I) Farmer:
Wants better irrigation, higher crop yield, fair crop prices, and insurance for crops.
(II) Businessman:
Focuses on higher profits, market expansion, and lower production costs.
(III) Student:
Desires quality education, better career opportunities, and modern infrastructure in schools.
Conclusion: Development goals vary for different people based on their needs and aspirations.

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